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Confidence Interval Calculator

Free confidence interval calculator: enter the sample mean, standard deviation and size to get the margin of error and 90%, 95% or 99% interval instantly.

A confidence interval turns a single sample mean into a range that probably contains the true population mean. For example, a sample mean of 100 with a margin of error of 4.16 gives a 95% interval from 95.84 to 104.16.

This confidence interval calculator computes the margin of error and the interval for the 90%, 95% and 99% confidence levels. Researchers, students and quality teams use it to report how precise an estimate is.

The calculator uses the standard normal distribution (z*), which is the standard approach for large samples — see the FAQ for when the t-distribution is more appropriate.

Enter the sample mean, the standard deviation and the sample size, then pick a confidence level; the margin of error, bounds and critical value update instantly.

Example
Example: Mean of 100, σ = 15, n = 50

SE = 15 / √50 = 2.12
Margin of error = 1.96 × 2.12 = 4.16
95% CI = 100 ± 4.16 = [95.84, 104.16]

The sample mean is 100, and we are 95% confident the true population mean lies between 95.84 and 104.16.

Key Insight: Quadrupling the sample size halves the margin of error (SE shrinks with √n). At 99% confidence the same data gives z* = 2.576 and a wider interval.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a 95% confidence interval?

If you repeated the sampling many times, about 95% of intervals built the same way would contain the true mean. It is not a 95% chance that the true mean is inside this particular interval.

How do I calculate a confidence interval?

CI = mean ± z* × σ / √n, with z* = 1.645 (90%), 1.96 (95%) or 2.576 (99%). Example: mean 100, σ 15, n 50 → 95% CI [95.84, 104.16].

How does the sample size affect the interval?

The margin of error shrinks with √n: quadrupling the sample size halves the margin of error.

When should I use t instead of z?

For small samples (n < 30) with an unknown population standard deviation, the t-distribution gives wider, more accurate intervals. This calculator uses the normal approximation common for n ≥ 30.

How do I calculate a confidence interval for a proportion?

For a proportion p from n trials, the standard error is √(p(1−p)/n) and CI = p ± z* × SE. This calculator handles means; you can enter the proportion p as the mean to get a quick estimate.

The interval assumes random sampling and an approximately normal distribution (central limit theorem). For small samples (n < 30) with an unknown population standard deviation, use the t-distribution instead. This calculator covers means, not proportions.

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